Abstract Background Viruses that have spent most of their evolutionary time associated with a single host lineage should have sequences that reflect codivergence of virus and host.Several examples for RNA viruses of host-virus tree congruence are being challenged.DNA viruses, such as mastreviruses, are more likely than RNA viruses to have maintaine
ABSTRACTEnteric bacterial infections contribute substantially to global disease burden and mortality, particularly in the developing world.In vitro 2D monolayer cultures have provided critical insights into the fundamental virulence mechanisms of a multitude of pathogens, including Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Typhi, Vibrio cholerae
The article analyses information on religious elements in BODIFYING CONDITIONER the representation of senses in literary sources of late imperial China.The Introduction presents psychological and social functions of olfaction with reference to China.The second part deals with the Makeup concepts of *xiang*, especially in the meaning of incense, but
Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) simulate Darwinian evolution and adeptly mimic natural evolution.Most EA applications in biology encode high levels of abstraction in top-down population ecology models.In contrast, our research merges protein alignment algorithms from bioinformatics into codon based EAs that simulate molecular protein string evolution